The Nonempty type. If you have both a head and tail, you can construct a nonempty list directly. Usually you'll use one of the many helpers below instead.

Create a singleton list with the given element.

Create a nonempty list from an ordinary list, failing on the empty list.

Return the head of the list.

Return the tail of the list.

Convert to an ordinary list.

Determine if the nonempty list has exactly one element.

Find the length of the nonempty list.

Determine if an element is present in the nonempty list.

Add another element as the head of the list, pushing the previous head to the tail.

Infix cons. Note that you cannot use this for pattern matching. Be sure to add exposing ((:::)) to your import.

Append two nonempty lists together. (++) is not supported.

Pop and discard the head, or do nothing for a singleton list. Useful if you want to exhaust a list but hang on to the last item indefinitely.

Reverse a nonempty list.

Flatten a nonempty list of nonempty lists into a single nonempty list.

Exchange the head element while leaving the tail alone.

Exchange the tail for another while leaving the head alone.

Replace the tail with the empty list while leaving the head alone.

Map a function over a nonempty list.

Same as map but the function is also applied to the index of each element (starting at zero).

Map a function over two nonempty lists.

Map over an arbitrary number of nonempty lists.

map2 (,) xs ys == map (,) xs `andMap` ys
head (map (,,) xs `andMap` ys `andMap` zs) == (head xs, head ys, head zs)

Map a given function onto a nonempty list and flatten the resulting nonempty lists. If you're chaining, you can define andThen = flip concatMap.

Filter a nonempty list. If all values are filtered out, return the singleton list containing the default value provided. If any value is retained, the default value is not used. If you want to deal with a Maybe instead, use toList >> List.filter yourPredicate >> fromList.

filter isEven 0 (Nonempty 7 [2, 5]) == fromElement 2
filter isEven 0 (Nonempty 7 []) == fromElement 0

Reduce a nonempty list from the left with a base case.

foldl (++) "" (Nonempty "a" ["b", "c"]) == "cba"

Reduce a nonempty list from the left without a base case. As per Elm convention, the first argument is the current element and the second argument is the accumulated value. The function is first invoked on the second element, using the first element as the accumulated value, except for singleton lists in which has the head is returned.

foldl1 (++) (Nonempty "a" ["b", "c"]) == "cba"
foldl1 (++) (fromElement "a") == "a"


findMe = 42
minimizeMe n = abs (n-findMe)
nearest = foldl1 (\a b -> if minimizeMe a < minimizeMe b then a else b) (Nonempty 10 [20,30,40,50,60])
nearest == 40

Like foldl, but keep each intermediate value. For example, scan addition to create the cumulative sum up to each element. The head of the new nonempty list is always the base case provided, and the length increases by 1.

Like foldl1, but keep each intermediate value. The head and length are not changed.

This example starts with the number of ways to roll index i on two six-sided dice (the probability density function), and turns it into the number of ways to roll at least i (the cumulative density function).

dicePDF = Nonempty 0 [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,5,4,3,2,1]
diceCDF = scanl1 (+) dicePDF
diceCDF == Nonempty 0 [0,1,3,6,10,15,21,26,30,33,35,36]

Remove adjacent duplicate elements from the nonempty list. For example, 1,2,2,1 becomes 1,2,1.

Remove all duplicate elements from the nonempty list, with the remaining elements ordered by first occurrence. For example, 1,2,2,1 becomes 1,2.